Arkān As-Salāh
Evidence for Takbīr
RE Salah, “It’s key is tuhoor, tahreem is it’s Takbir and it’s tahleel is tasleem”
How one breaks Salah if needed?
Can give tasleem.
Or any action which renders the Salah broken.
One has to say Allahu Akbar
This is the shar’ī term for takbeer.
The Jumhoor said the wording has to be exactly so except the hanafees.
There’s no lafdh saying anything other than Allahu Akbar.
Evidences for Fatiha
“No Salah for the one who doesn’t recite Fatihah”
Jumhoor say this hadeeth means if one is behind the imam, his recitation suffices.
Minority say imams recitation isn’t sufficient. You have to recite.
The recitation of the imam is the recitation of Ma’moom. (Hasan Hadith)
If praying Alone:
One has to recite fatihah
Some said it’s a pillar.
Others said it’s a Waajib (majority).
Some said sunnah (small minority)
Not reciting behind the imam isn’t a big issue.
If praying alone. Better to recite.
Safer to take it as a pillar when praying alone. Due to the adillah.
Evidences for Ruku’, Sujūd, with tranquility etc
Volume 1, Book 12, Number 724:
Narrated Abu Huraira:
Allah’s Apostle entered the mosque and a person followed him. The man prayed and went to the Prophet and greeted him. The Prophet returned the greeting and said to him, “Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.” The man went back prayed in the same way as before, returned and greeted the Prophet who said, “Go back and pray, for you have not prayed.” This happened thrice. The man said, “By Him Who sent you with the Truth, I cannot offer the prayer in a better way than this. Please, teach me how to pray.” The Prophet said, “When you stand for Prayer, say Takbir and then recite from the Holy Qur’an (of what you know by heart) and then bow till you feel at ease. Then raise your head and stand up straight, then prostrate till you feel at ease during your prostration, then sit with calmness till you feel at ease (do not hurry) and do the same in all your prayers.
Hadeeth of the man who kept praying wrong.
Bukhari and Muslim
Hadith of Masī as-Salāh.
Many benefits from this hadeeth
The Prophet ﷺ used to sit on the masjid.
For many reasons.
For people to come and ask him questions. Teaching.
If he wasn’t busy in jihadist etc. he’d be in the masjid.
So this man found the prophet ﷺ in the masjid. And he didn’t salaam him. He went straight and prayed.
So one can pray first before giving salaam in a gathering.
Either way is fine.
When the man came to the prophet ﷺ he gave Salam.
So the one in need comes to the person sought. Not vice verse.
This is from Adab.
The prophet ﷺ responded to his Salam.
And straight away told him to return and pray for verily you haven’t prayed.
The prophet ﷺ didn’t ask the man of his need. For fulfilling Salah perfectly was utmost.
So this is an evidence to prioritise.
As an Ummah our priorities are unbalanced.
Very important to learn the fiqh of prioritising.
How?
Study a book on it.
And stay with those who prioritise their life according to the wahee. Just from their actions you’ll learn.
In reality the man prayed. But the prophet ﷺ said he hadn’t prayed. As the shar’i term is as if he never prayed.
In the sight of the wahee it’s not valid.
Most important aspect of the shariah is acceptance.
From the best way to prioritise. See acceptance for the best time and place.
This or that increases my eman. But does the shariah dictate what increases your eman?
Eg. Innovators. They have that eman feeling. Dancing around a grave etc. they say this is eman.
So that feeling can come from Shaytan or Allāh.
If from Allāh:
It Settles and able to worship Allāh more.
Eg. After i’tikaaf, hajj etc
It’s Holistic, you feel like worshipping Allāh in every way.
Every Ibaadaat.
“Allāh decorated Imaam in their hearts.
And made detested kufr, fusuq, etc”
(Hujaraat)
Concentrate on eman settling first.
Than think about increasing it.
Many try to increase their eman whilst their eman hasn’t settled first.
As the bediouns say they tumin, say rather taslim.
Settling of eman happens holistically.
All the good actions.
The prophet ﷺ didn’t say the mistake. He just said you haven’t prayed. Go.
The prophet ﷺ was developing him. Didn’t teach him straight away. Wanted him to recognise his mistake. Make him think. That’s development.
This is the best way for rectification.
Don’t pin point the mistake.
The soul searches. And tries to rectify its mistake.
The man said he doesn’t do anymore.
Showing he tried his best.
Be with those you’re developing.
The prophet ﷺ was watching him.
Giving him time.
Even though he was a prophet. Very busy with the affair.
Care towards those that couldn’t even pray.
Abu hurairah was watching this. Developing him too.
So he could narrate to the whole Ummah.
This Hadith is the most important on Salah.
The mans mistake wasn’t intentional.
He didn’t know better.
Intention has two meanings:
1) Aware but not knowledgeble of his mistakes. Qast. (Not sinful)
2) Aware. And knowledgeble of his mistakes. (Can be sinful)
His Salah was still invalid though. But may be rewarded.
He could’ve been a new sahabi.
New Muslims are excused if they don’t have a lot of knowledge available.
His Salah was negated.
As the man was able to learn.
And those who could teach him were present.
The sahabi said to ﷺ teach me.
So good to ask those if you don’t know.
So ﷺ taught him.
And told him about wudhu too.
Because if he’s making mistakes in Salah then maybe wudhu too.
He ﷺ did Qiyaas.
If hurried in Salah. Then he Must’ve hurried in wudhu too.
So told him to do wudhu properly.
Qiyaas point: chaacteristics similar, actions different. Eg. Wudhu-salah.
ﷺ didn’t show him how to make wudhu or pray.
Although actions were from the best ways to teach.
Because there were many muslimeen at those times praying and doing wudhu. So he could’ve matched it with there’s.
As for the early days. ﷺ taught via actions.
Then face the qibla
Then fakabbir.
Then recite what is easy from the Quran. Why not faitihah? He could’ve been a new Muslim.
In another narration, read Ummul Kitaab.
Those that say Fatihah isn’t a pillar they use this narration.
Then be tranquil.
Showing the mistake he was making.
Which was not being tranquil.
Rather too fast.
If you want to advise, don’t specify alone. Package it.
ﷺ didn’t tell him to repeat his other salawaat which he may have prayed.
If ones ignorant. And he can’t redo due to sheer volume. He should do a lot of nawaafil. And repent. But doesn’t have to make up due to ignorance.
Ahlul ilm aren’t those who quote. But rather he walks the knowledge. Comprehensively. Prioritising.
Tadhkirah 